真空爐廣泛使用在粉末冶金和金屬材料(liao)熱處理等行業。下(xia)面詳(xiang)細介紹一下(xia)真空爐的種(zhong)類：

a.按用(yong)途可分為(wei)真空(kong)氣(qi)氛爐(lu)、真空(kong)碳化爐(lu)、真空(kong)燒結(jie)爐(lu)、真空(kong)退火爐(lu)、真空(kong)淬(cui)火爐(lu)、真空(kong)回火爐(lu)以及真空(kong)滲碳爐(lu)等。

b.按熱(re)(re)源可分為(wei)電阻加熱(re)(re)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐、感應加熱(re)(re)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐、電弧加熱(re)(re)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐、等離子弧加熱(re)(re)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐和電子束加熱(re)(re)真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)爐。

c.按(an)真(zhen)空(kong)度可(ke)分為低真(zhen)空(kong)爐(lu)、高真(zhen)空(kong)爐(lu)和超真(zhen)空(kong)爐(lu)。

d.按(an)工作溫(wen)度(du)可(ke)分為低溫(wen)真空(kong)爐(低于700℃)、中溫(wen)真空(kong)爐(700-1000℃)和高溫(wen)真空(kong)爐(1000℃以上)。

e.按(an)作業性(xing)質可分為周期式真空(kong)爐和連(lian)續式真空(kong)爐。

f.按真(zhen)空爐(lu)的(de)外形可(ke)分為豎式(shi)真(zhen)空爐(lu)和臥(wo)式(shi)真(zhen)空爐(lu)。

從真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)的結構(gou)(gou)和加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)的角度(du)上可以歸納為兩大類(lei)：一類(lei)是(shi)(shi)外(wai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)，另一類(lei)是(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)，兩者(zhe)均以真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)電阻爐(lu)為主(zhu)。外(wai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)通常(chang)(chang)稱為熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)壁爐(lu)，也稱為馬弗爐(lu)。這種爐(lu)子(zi)的加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)部(bu)分(fen)與隔(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)部(bu)分(fen)，即(ji)電熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)元件和隔(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)層設置在真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)室(shi)外(wai)面，工件放在真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)室(shi)的內(nei)(nei)部(bu)，工件依(yi)靠間(jian)接加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)退火(huo)爐(lu)往往是(shi)(shi)外(wai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)處理爐(lu)。內(nei)(nei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)通常(chang)(chang)稱為冷壁爐(lu)。這種爐(lu)子(zi)的電熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)元件和隔(ge)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)層構(gou)(gou)成的加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)室(shi)，全部(bu)放在水冷夾層結構(gou)(gou)的真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)殼內(nei)(nei)。內(nei)(nei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)與外(wai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)相比(bi)，構(gou)(gou)造復雜，但使用(yong)溫度(du)高、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)效率高、生產率也高，可以實(shi)現快速加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)和快速冷卻。因(yin)此，內(nei)(nei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)式(shi)(shi)(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)爐(lu)得到(dao)了迅速發(fa)展，已成為真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)燒結和真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)退火(huo)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淬(cui)火(huo)、真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)回火(huo)的主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)爐(lu)。